Plants and Superstitions Essay -- Botany

Plants and Superstitions For many years plants have played a large part in superstitions. Although, they are not so much believed now, as they used to be. They were used to help one's fortune, wealth and fertility. It is amazing that bread was ever eaten; there were so many superstitions about it. It was used to aid in all of these things and many more, It is ironic, however, that the one thing they worshipped and used to keep harm and disease away made them ill and killed some of them. When all of this happened they blamed another superstition, which was witchcraft. "Almost all of the witchcraft misunderstandings were caused by Christianity's persecution of those who refused to abandon pagan beliefs" (Zolar, 1995), but not in the case of the Salem Witch trials. In 1692 superstitions somehow became the way of thinking. The misuse of it led to the executions of many innocent people in this country. Witchcraft was the crime, for which they were wrongly accused. Fact Net Inc. (see Internet Source) defines superstitions as "Beliefs held despite evidence. They are based on the belief that some people, Plants, animals, stars, words, numbers or special things have magical powers, which contradicts what we know about the world." A mysterious illness overcame Salem, Massachusetts. Thrashing around, moaning, babbling, and crying made up what were called "convulsive fits," which suddenly occurred in eight girls daily. Hallucinations were also a part of their fits. (see Internet Source). Everyone was terrified. Doctors came to visit, but they did not know much about disease and medicines at that time. One doctor questioned the idea of witchcraft and soon rumors spread that there was a witch in town, or maybe even a group of them we... ...tific thinking has almost swept away the ignorance of superstitions that once kept people from learning about out world. Like in the case of the Salem Witch trials "When minds are poisoned by the ignorance of superstitions, terrible things happen" (see Internet Source). Bibliography Bennett, J.W. 1999. Pride and Prejudice: The story of ergot. Perspective in Biology and Medicine 42 (3): 333-355. Spanos, Nicholas P. 1983. Ergotism and the Salem witch panic: a critical analysis and an alternative conceptualization. Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences 19 (4): 358-369. Starkey, Marion L. 1949. The Devil in Massachusetts, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 39- 48, 138-158. Zolar.1995. Encyclopedia of signs, omens and superstitions. Carol Publishing Group, New York. 50-52,380. Internet Source: http://www.xenu.org/factnet/GEN/FILES/BOOKS/TRUE.TXT

Gun Laws in Foreign Countries

Due to recent events occurring in America, people have been seeking out reforms in our nation’s gun laws so that they may feel safer inside their homes and inside the nation’s schools. Unlike some countries, America cannot be considered â€Å"harsh† with its gun laws, nor can it be considered weak when compared to still other countries. When looking to reform our gun laws, our nation should revise and remodel our laws after countries with stronger guns laws, such as Switzerland and Canada. With 3. 4 gun related deaths per 100,000 people, and only . 52 of those deaths being homicides, Switzerland is one the countries with the lowest gun deaths per year (â€Å"Wikipedia†). This is due to the countries strict control on guns and gun usage. One of their most unique laws in the government requirement for all able-bodied men to have an automatic weapon in their home, and ammunition, in the case of a call to military duty. The ammunition for the gun must be kept sealed and is strictly accounted for by the government.Citizens are required to keep this weapon from age 20 to age 42, the duration of their militia service, and are then given the option to keep the gun with the automatic function removed (Cotter). Along with the required militia weapons, the Swiss government also has strict policies on privately owned firearms. Much like the military guns, the privately owned weapons and the ammution are all registered and accounted for by the government. Any and all unregistered ammunition must be used at a government owned firing range, and none is allowed to leave the premises (Cotter).Finally, the Swiss government has strong laws on â€Å"conceal and carry† hand guns. The citizen who will be carrying the weapon must have a reason to be carrying the weapon, know how to carry the gun, and know how to use it safely to carry the weapon (Cotter). It is no surprise that Switzerland is one of the safest countries when it comes to guns. Much l ike Switzerland, Canada has stricter gun laws than the USA, with 2. 13 gun related deaths, . 5 being homicide, per year compared to the US’s 10. 2 gun related deaths, with 3. being homicide (â€Å"Wikipedia†). The Canadian Firearms Program, or CFP, is the group of people in charge of making and enforcing gun related laws in Canada. Some of the biggest laws they have concern certification, licensing, and investigation. The certification laws state that all individuals who want to own a nonrestricted firearm must pass the Canadian Firearms Safety Course, which â€Å"teaches basic firearms safety practices, operation of firearms, safe handling, carrying and storage, and responsibility of the owner and user† (Byrne).The licensing laws states that all individuals must be screened when they apply for a license and that the individuals will continue to be screened after they obtained their license. The CFP does not allow citizens who pose a potential risk to their own or anyone else’s safety to obtain a license and removes guns and licenses from those who do not have a safe and responsible way of using their firearms (Byrne).Finally, the investigation laws states that the CFP have the ability to track gun owners with the Firearms Investigative & Enforcement Services Directorate and law enforcement to investigate illegal firearms activities. Chief Firearms Officers supervise Chief Firearms Instructors to ensure that citizens are always taught to be safe and responsible when handling a firearm (Byrne). While not all of the above stated laws would help to improve the United States gun situation, some people find it may be wise to amend and fit these laws into ours as to make our country safer.Our country does not need to give every young man a gun, but teaching the young men how to properly use and handle a gun and pass a test in order to safely and responsibly use the weapon would be wise. Also, requiring a form of licensing and continuing t o keep an eye on citizens with a license in order to be sure they maintain the safety they are taught to use while handling weapons would be in the countries best interests.Finally, the government should add a clause to conceal-and-carry in order to make it necessary for the citizens carrying the hidden handgun to have a pressing issue that requires the safety of a dangerous weapon. Though it is impossible to make our country one hundred percent safe from firearms and criminals, it is the country’s best interest, I believe, to change our gun laws as to make it harder to obtain a weapon and safer to both use a weapon and to be around those who use weapons.It may be hard to be completely safe, but it never hurt anyone to try a bit harder to keep the citizens in this country safer from others here. It is much more worth losing a bit of our â€Å"freedom†, so long as we can be sure we are safe in our homes and our schools. Works Cited Byrne, Drake. â€Å"Canadian Gun Safe ty. †Ã‚  eHow. eHow. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . Cotter, Mitch. â€Å"Switzerland Gun Safety. †Ã‚  eHow. eHow. Web. 11 Feb 2013. . â€Å"List of Countries by firearm related death rate. † wikipedia. wikipedia, 11 Feb 2013. Web. 11 Feb 2013.

The Budget Of The NASA Budget - 821 Words

In the 2017 fiscal year (Oct. 2016-Sept. 2017), the budget for NASA was 19 billion US dollars [1]. However, the total budget for the United States in 2017 is 3,650 billion US dollars [2] making the NASA budget only .52% of the United States budget for the 2017 fiscal year. Even though 19 billion US dollars seem like a large amount of money, in comparison to 1966, the height of the Apollo mission, the budget for NASA was 5.9 billion United States dollars [3] which was .83% of the National budget of 708 billion dollars [4]. Also, with the 122 million citizens [5] reported to pay federal taxes in the United States, each taxpayer only contributes about $12.98 a month to NASA, so if NASA were to disappear, the average taxpayer could afford†¦show more content†¦Only 10% of the budget is going to go to space technology because even though there is still a need to continue developing technologies for space, it does not need the same funds as other sections, and without any large spa ce missions in the near future it is not as pressing as other categories like science, exploration, and space operations. The third category is exploration which will receive 27% of the budget. The exploration budget will go to projects like space transportation systems and human missions to the moon and mars. Projects such as these require a large portion of the budget due to their expensive nature, but despite the cost, these missions gain public support. Without such missions, the public would not have supported the United States spending billions of dollars on scientific research. Additionally, these missions help gain an understanding of the universe. The fourth category is Aeronautics which will receive 7% of the budget. Aeronautic projects would include new aircraft and new air traffic control systems. This category is similar to space technology where there still needs to be research in the field but it does not require as much money as other parts of NASA. Also, there are more companies in the private sector of aeronautic that will be researching similar topics. Therefore to save money for diff erent products aeronautics received the lowest part of the budget. Lastly, space operations will receive 26% of the budget. SpaceShow MoreRelatedEssay on NASA Budget Cuts 842 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse to the Soviet Unions launch of Sputnik nine months earlier. That administration, now known worldwide as NASA, has become an icon of space exploration and mankinds accomplishments. Who would have thought that fifty years later, NASAs future would be so uncertain? Congress has recently proposed a bill that would significantly cut funding from the NASAs Constellation program. These budget cuts are unnecessary and are counterproductive to the original idea of the space program. Congress authorizedRead MoreA Bill for an Act Etitled: Budget of NASA2009 Words   |  8 PagesA Bill For An Act Entitled: Budget Of NASA Senator Austin Crilly introduced the following resolution which was referred to the Committee on NASA’s budget _____________________________________________________________________ NASA has accomplished many things in the last fifty five years of it’s existence, such as the Apollo programs, Mars missions, developing the proficiency in which aircraft flies, etc. NASA has tremendous benefits towards the future expansion and development of the UnitedRead MoreNasa s Budget Should Be Astronomical1556 Words   |  7 PagesNASA’s budget should be Astronomical When the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded in 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower its purpose was to engage in space research and its applications. Over the years, we have seen the shifts of operation that this agency has gone through. It was re- purposed for military operations, research and development during the cold war, but quintessentially it’s priority has been space exploration and research. NASA currentlyRead MoreThe Operating Budget1261 Words   |  5 Pagesaccepted the inevitability of deep cuts to the nations massively inflated budget. While there is still rancorous debate over exactly how the proverbial belt should be tightened, with conservatives demanding reductions in so-called entitlement programs and liberals countering with decreased military spending, a consensus seems to have emerged regarding the budgetary necessity of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Considered by many symbol of bureaucratic waste, with billions of dollarsRead MoreNasa Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pages2011, NASA invested over $4.5 million in the state of Kansas by encouraging small, high-tech companies to partner with NASA to help meet its research and development needs in key technology areas (Dunbar, â€Å"NASAs Economic Impacts†). Henceforth, an investment in NASA is an investm ent in the country. Since 1958, NASA has contributed to the United States by supporting the national economy, making technological advances, and inspiring people around the world. Increasing the federal budget for NASA willRead MoreCJ Moizzis Article Should NASA Should Continue To Receive Funding?1197 Words   |  5 PagesSummary NASA should Continue to Receive Funding CJ Moizzi, argues that the biggest misconception Americans have is the amount of funding that NASA receives. Within his article he states various organizations that receives double or even up to six times the amount of funding such as the Department of Treasury. Moizzi says that the NASA budget currently has accounted for roughly .5% of the total U.S federal Budget. He argues some may be apprehensive about this, but he says that only $10 dollars ofRead MoreNasa s The Space Of Space999 Words   |  4 Pages Firstly, without sufficient funding, NASA would be politically reliant on Russia due to NASA’s need to launch its commercial crew using Russian spaceships on Russian land. According to The Guardian, NASA’s budget has dropped from 4.41 percent of the federal budget in 1966, to today’s budget of 0.5 percent of the federal budget. As a result of continued decrease in funds, NASA has been severely crippled in its ability to operate; this is why NASA’s budget needs to be increased. Without funds norRead MoreThe Nature Of Space Is A Mystery To The Majority Of The1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmystery to the majority of the population of the world. The discoveries made by astronauts and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) since the mid-twentieth century have enabled the population to have more knowledge of the planets, stars, and resources that lie beyond Earth. Recently, the United States government, particularly those who deny global warning, made the decision to cut funding for NASA for various reasons. The political spectrum plays a major role depending on which side ofRead MorePolysar Limited Case Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagescustomers for these products are tire manufacturers. The rubber Group has two divisions: NASA (North America South America) and EROW (Europe elsewhere). There is product transferring between NASA and EROW and the Vice President of NASA is required to present the performance results to the Board of Directors and explain why the bottom line is lower than expected. Performance of NASA Rubber Division Read MoreFor Thousands Of Years Humanity Has Looked To The Stars1549 Words   |  7 Pagesis not known to the human race. NASA, the number one space program of the USA, lacks the funds to further investigate the ultimate frontier. Throughout humanity’s exploration of space, many dangers have been discovered that lurk within the dark vastness of space. Things like radiation and extreme temperatures threaten astronauts’ lives when performing extensive space travel missions, leading to primary reliance on probes and rovers to explore what lies beyond. NASA and other space programs are majorly

Corporate Social Responsibility - 2898 Words

VIEWS AGAINST THE NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICAL SHAREHOLDER APPROACH SWAPNA NANDHAKUMAR G20613641 INTRODUCTION Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), defined as â€Å"the broad array of strategies and operating practices that a company develops in its effects to deal with and create relationships with it numerous stakeholders and the natural environment† (Waddock, 2004). Globalization and liberalization has reinforced with the introduction of corporate social responsibility, Developing countries need to focus more about the corporate social responsibility planning and implementation process (Kiran and Sharma, 2011). Corporate social responsibility is one of the most important issues and developments of 21st century†¦show more content†¦Organization should be planned in a way to react to its external environment in appropriate way. Herzberg’s two factor theory (1959) states for an organization hygiene factor and motivation are important for an employees working condition inside an organization. Socially responsible image is not just used to polish the image of an organiz ation it is also a way of motivation factor; there are possibilities that employees find satisfaction in their work under such circumstances (Ruschak, 2008). Based on the consistency theory any organization needs to give equal importance to the corporate social responsibility to be incorporated in their firm, as it is one way to satisfy the employers in their work place and provide motivation toward achieving the goals of the organization. THEORY OF CONTINGENCY Everything in an organization depends on situations and environment plays an important role as it influence everything also the performance has to be based on the situation there is no specific behavior to be applied in all situation (Galbraith, 1973). Dictionary of human resource management (2001) the contingency theory suggests effectiveness of an organization is based on the factors taken into accountShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility773 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility may also be referred to as corporate citizenship and can involve spending finances that do not directly benefit the company but rather advocate positive social and environmental change. The soul in the next economy forum presentation made it evident that achieving corporate social responsibly in a company can reap major benefits in terms of finances, more inspiring workplace and customer satisfaction. In the past, companies mistakenly thought that corporate socialRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1990 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate social responsibility is becoming a key initiative and an essential tool in the growth of multinational corporations and the development of third world countries throughout the globe. The two concepts can work hand in hand to provide benefits for all; however difficulties in regulating and implementing corporate social responsibility need to be overcome before effective changes can be made. Definitions of corporate social responsibility can be somewhat varied depending on the perceptionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1904 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility The different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been the topic of considerable debate since the last decades of the twentieth century. Main factor for the increased interest on the part of stakeholders in this topic are the increased public awareness and interest in the corporate social responsibility following the Information Revolution. This essay will assess the dangers and benefits of the business ethics for most of the stakeholders – employeesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesSustainability requires monitoring and managing all the person to ensure that our economy and society can continue to exist without destroying the social and natural environment during development. The sustainability includes three pillars, which are economic, social and environment, forming a triple bottom line. The triple bottom line demands that a company s responsibility lies with stakeholder rather than shareholder. The stake holder is a party who can be affected or affect by the action of the company suchRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) is a term describing a company’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. BusinessRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility3253 Words   |  14 PagesLiving Dangerously in Two Worlds In my paper I will be discussing the topics related to corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, and responsible business) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligationRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2818 Words   |  12 PagesFor the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thou ght of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got to be worryRead MoreCorporate Responsibility And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1867 Words   |  8 PagesStevan Jakovljevic Professor Laud MGT 3550 Values, Ethics and Sustainability 10/18/16 Chapter 3: Define corporate responsibility (CSR). Describe the benefits. Why do some executives support CSR while others find it troublesome and argue against it? Corporate social responsibility is what a company uses to self-regulate itself and refers to business practices involving initiatives that benefit society. A business’s CSR can encompass a wide variety of tactics, from giving away a portion of a company’s

Aspects Of An Appropriate Inclusion Setting - 1442 Words

Aspects of an appropriate Inclusion setting for which I found interesting were, the services and level of support, collaboration between educators, the benefits and barriers and the roles of educators and families of an inclusion setting. According to the IDEA s LRE, school districts are required to educate students with disabilities in regular classrooms with their nondisabled peers, in the school they would attend if not disabled, to the maximum extent appropriate. There are still lots of controversial views in education as to how an inclusion setting is delivered, who is responsible, what makes this setting important and how to make it successful. When educator look at the definition of the work â€Å"Inclusion†, the laws clearly states†¦show more content†¦Parent have the rights to dispute that decision made by the team. Parents are a valuable aspect to the decision may on the behalf to the students and their needs. Parent have the right to participate in every d ecision related to the identification, evaluation, and placement of their child. As well as given consent for any initial evaluation, assessment or placement decision. The due process procedures is a written complaint that has been file by the parents requesting a hearing related to the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of a child with a disability, or the provision of a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) to the child. Everyone plays a vital role in assuring that the right of everyone is honored, to include, the student, parents, general and special education teachers, administration and the state and federal government. Services and Level of Support In an inclusion classroom, the general and special education teacher work closed together to ensure that all students are receiving a free and appropriate public education, with or without a disability. The purpose for many school district around the country providing an inclusion model is make sure that students with special needs are integrated in the general education setting for as much of the day as possible; which is the LRE (least restrictive environment) with the level of supports they need to be successful. Inclusion model would often include co-teaching,

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Free Essays

Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentiethcentury. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable to say that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, globalization has contributed to the worlds economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive, competitive thereby raising quality of goods, services and the worlds living standard. Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labor in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. However, one cannot deny the negative effects which havederived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the mode transportation is easier and faster in todays advance society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short time frame. As large corporations invest or take over many off shore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions like Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource cheaper work force from Asian countries. In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world. How to cite The Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization, Essay examples

Putting a Name to the Confusion Essay Example For Students

Putting a Name to the Confusion Essay â€Å"A man who kissed or embraced an intimate male friend in bed did not worry about homosexual impulses because he did not assume that he had them. In the Victorian language of touch, a kiss or an embrace was a pure gesture of deep affection at least as much as it was an act of sexual expression,† says Anthony Rotundo, attempting to define the boundaries between romantic friendship and erotic love, in relation to same gender friendships, in the late nineteenth century (Miller 4). Same gender relationships could exist on a physical level, expressing affection, without bringing up questions of sexual preference. Further, F.S. Ryman, a gentleman in his twenties, wrote of the very few documents ever discovered from the Victorian age regarding intimate encounters and the emotions attached to them. He has helped give us an idea of what some male relationships were like back then. In his diary, August of 1886, he describes spending the night in his best friends arms with out sexual intentions. â€Å"†¦Now in all this I am certain there was no sexual sentiment on the part of either of us†¦ I am certain that the thought of the least demonstration of unmanly abnormal passion would have been as revolting to him as it is ever has been to me, yet I do love him I love to hug kiss him because of the goodness genius I find in his mind† (Duberman 45). The ability to express love for another male through affection became more questionable short there after as the distinction between romantic and erotic love was less muddy. Until this point, no one got forced into feeling shame because they made it clear that they cared deeply for each other on a close-friendship level. An intimate or affectionate moment between two males never acquired a homosexual context. Male friends could kiss each other, lacing friendships with a more profound level of compassion, without the threat of being labeled as a homosexual. Culturally, this type of behavior had no definite wrong or abnormal connotation strapped to it. As Neil Miller describes, â€Å"In the 1870s, a concept of homosexual identityor of gay and lesbian communitywas barely articulated† (Miller xvii). In America, the idea of homosexual love was beyond societal understanding. Prior to the introduction of homosexuality people were free to care about each other on levels without the co nstraints of any insecurity base on a the possibility of getting a label. While the concept of homosexuality did not exist in the United States, changes were happening in Europe with the issue. Right around the 1870’s affectionate relationships between males acquired a label. â€Å"It was the sexologists†¦ who were to define same-sex love, to give it a name. The term homosexuality was actually used for the first time in 1869 by Karl Maria Kertbeny, a German-Hungarian campaigner for the abolition of Prussia’s laws that criminalized sexual relations between men. Homosexuality was not the only term that the late nineteenth century found to describe sexual relations between persons of the same sex. The term inversion was even more widely used. And in 1870, the German physician Karl Westphal invented the phrase â€Å"contrary sexual feeling,† in detailing the history of a young lesbian. These expressions all had a clinical tinge to them. Then there were the more sympathetic, but no less problematic, terms- the â€Å"third sex† and the â€Å"intermediate sex† (Miller 13). These terms and phrases had not yet come across the Atlantic to penetrate the English language in American society except for sexual inversion on a moderate level outside of the clinical sphere. In 1892, however, homosexuality appeared. Prior, the concept of homosexuality was not yet present in the United States. George Chauncey, who has made a thorough study of the medical literature on the subject, persuasively argues, â€Å"Sexual inversion, the term used most commonly in the nineteenth century, did not denote the same conceptual phenomenon as homosexuality. ‘Sexual inversion’ referred to a broad range of deviant gender behavior, of which homosexual desire was only a logical bit indistinct aspect, while ‘homosexuality’ focused on the narrower issue of sexual object choice† (Halperin 15). The introduction of homosexuality gave the people something